Exposure Terminology

Define these:

ISO Speed- controls how sensitive its sensor is to the light that hits it 

Aperture- the opening through which light travels 

Shutter Speed- the effective length of time camera's shutter is open 

Using only ONE SENTENCE, explain:

What is an exposure meter (a light meter)? A device used to determine the proper exposure for a photograph.

How does it work? It measures the amount of light in scene and sets the appropriate shutter speed and aperture settings to give the best picture brightness or "exposure."

What is an incident-light meter? The incident meter is aimed at the light source and measures the light source falling directly on a scene and is not influenced by the reflectance of the subject being photographed. 

What is a reflected-light meter? Reflected metering reads the intensity of light reflecting off the subject and may vary according to variances in tonality, color, contrast, background, surface, or shape. 

What is a Center Weighted Meter?  It's a meter that evaluates the light in the middle of the frame and its surroundings. 

What is an Evaluative/Multi-Segment Meter? A meter that divides the frame into several areas and calculates exposure based on these readings. 

What is a Spot Meter? A very narrowly angled meter capable of giving an exact exposure (not necessarily a correct one) from a simple subject (preferably the most important part of the subject).

What sort of exposure meter is on your camera? My camera has three main metering modes, matrix, center-weighted, and spot metering.

What is overexposure? Over exposure is when a picture has been exposed with too much light, making it look brighter and washed out

What is under exposure? Under exposure is when a picture hasn't been exposed with enough light, making it look black or near black. 

What is depth of field? The distance between the nearest and farthest objects in a scene that appear acceptably sharp in an image 

What is the relationship between aperture, shutter speed, and ISO?The relationship between aperture, shutter speed, ISO can be represented by an exposure triangle. A change in one of the elements will impact the others, which means you can never really isolate a specific element. If you decide to use a bigger aperture, you will have to make an adjustment in either the ISO or shutter speed (either making the ISO or shutter speed a smaller number). The same applies if you decide to use a faster shutter speed. You will have to adjust the aperture to allow more light to come through the opening, or the ISO to be more sensitive to the light. 

What is exposure compensation? 

Exposure compensation is an easy way to correct for improper exposure.  You are not setting the actual exposure settings, that is still left up to the camera. What you are doing is telling the camera that you are not completely satisfied with its calculations and adjusting them slightly.