Lighting

Key Light- most important light used in a lighting set up 

Fill- illuminate areas that are in shadow when lit by a key light 

Hair light- accents the crown and shoulders of the subject

Kicker- a light placed at an angle behind the person, on the other side of the subject from where your key light is, helps define an unlit side of a face 

Rembrandt Light- single light source which is placed approximately 45 degrees offset from the subject and a bit higher than eye level, and lights the side of the face that is farthest from the camera (creates a triangle on the face, also known as a chiaroscuro)

Hatchet Light-  lighting on both sides of the head that creates a relative shadow cutting right down the front of the face

Loop Light- a light source is placed above and slightly behind the subject so the light runs down the nose and creates a loop shaped shadow

Paramount/Butterfly Light- a lighting that casts butterfly-shaped shadow below the nose

Sidelight- lighting that emphasizes texture as well as the emotion and depth of your subject in a more dramatic way

Backlight- shooting into the light source which then creates silhouettes 

Hot Lights- lights that stay on all the time 

Cool Light- lights  that are highly energy efficient, cool running and silent power and provide a smooth and bright light 

Monolights- self contained flash unit

Snoot- a tube (or similar object) that is placed over a studio light or flash that allows the photographer to control direction and radius of the light beam

Soft Box- a lighting device that creates even and diffused light light by passing the light through some diffusing material 

Umbrella-  diffusion device when using artificial lighting, and is also a glare shield and shade

Shoot Though Umbrella- produces very soft light and spreads it throughout the environment you are shooting in

Gobo- derived from "Go Between," it's a physical template placed in front of a lighting source to control the shape of emitted light

Reflector- a reflective surface used to redirect light towards a given subject

Bare Bulb Flash- a strobe without any modifiers 

Flash Ratio- a way to describe the mix between ambient light and light from your flash

Flash Meter- a device that is used to determine the correct exposure for a photograph

Incident-light meter- aimed at the light source and measures the light source falling directly on a scene and is not influenced by the reflectance of the subject being photographed.

Reflected-light meter- reflected metering reads the intensity of light reflecting off the subject and may vary according to variances in tonality, color, contrast, background, surface, or shape